Ectoine is a natural amino acid derivative produced by extremophilic bacteria (such as Halomonas elongata) to withstand high osmotic pressure. It is one of the key compatible solutes that stabilize proteins and cell membranes. As a valuable bioactive compound with increasing research attention, ectoine is regarded as a "cell repair and protective agent" in dermatology and biotechnology. Modern research has confirmed that it possesses various biological activities, including cell protection, anti-inflammatory, skin barrier repair, UV protection, and anti-aging properties.